Content Writing

General Deffinition of food Food refers to any substance consumed by living organisms to provide nourishment and energy for growth, maintenance, and functioning. It can be of plant, animal, or microbial origin and is typically ingested through the mouth and digested in the digestive system to extract essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Food is an essential component of human life, and it plays a crucial role in sustaining health, supporting growth and development, and providing pleasure and enjoyment in the form of meals, snacks, and beverages. Food can also have cultural, social, and economic significance, and it varies widely in taste, appearance, texture, and nutritional composition across different cultures, regions, and cuisines. Pic: bread/Food items, PhotoCredit: freepik. Table of Contents What is food? Classification Sources Taste of food Digestion

DNA Sequencing and it's Application in mordern day Table of Contents What is DNA? What is DNA sequencing? How is DNA sequencing done? Application Of DNA sequencing Conclusion What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a bio molecule with the characteristics of self-replicating, mutable, regulate of all biological function and carrier of hereditary information of a living cell. What is DNA sequencing? DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of the nucleotides (building blocks) that make up a DNA molecule. DNA is made up of four nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). By determining the order of these nucleotides, scientists can read the genetic code of an organism. The first DNA sequencing methods were developed in the 1970s and 1980s. These methods were slow, expensive, and labor-intensive, requiring weeks or m

Peroxixe Value : Peroxide value is a measure of the amount of peroxides in a substance, usually a fat or oil. Peroxides are formed when fats or oils are exposed to air or heat, and they can cause the fat or oil to go rancid. Therefore, measuring the peroxide value is important in determining the freshness and quality of a fat or oil. Table of Contents Methods of peroxide Value determination Materials and reagents Needed for determination Procedure of peroxide measurement Significance of peroxide Value In Summary Methods of peroxide Value determination Peroxide determination refers to the measurement or analysis of peroxides, which are compounds that contain an oxygen-oxygen single bond (O-O) and are often used as disinfectants, bleaching agents, and oxidizing agents in various industrial and chemical processes. There are several methods available for peroxide determination,

What is Phosphorus? Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. It is a non-metallic element that belongs to the nitrogen group on the periodic table. Pic: Phosphorous, Photo Credit: freepik. Outline of the article: Table of Contents Why it is essential? Where it is commonly found? What happening with Excess amout of Phoaphorous? Why it is essential? It is a non-metal that is essential for life as it is a key component of DNA, RNA, and ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which are crucial molecules for cellular function and energy storage in all living organisms. Phosphorus is used in a variety of industrial applications, such as in the production of fertilizers, detergents, and various other chemicals. It is also used in the production of semiconductors and as a flame retardant in plastics. Where it is commonly found? Phosphorus is common

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Menting Point Instrument: Ensure that the melting point machine is clean and free from any residual material from the previous use. Connect the machine to a suitable power source and ensure that it is properly grounded. Calibrate the machine according to the manufacturer's instructions before use. Prepare a sample of the substance to be tested. The sample should be dry, finely powdered, and uniform in size. Fill a small amount of the sample into a melting point capillary tube, making sure that the tube is not overfilled and that the sample is evenly distributed. Set the temperature range as per the manufacturer's instructions and turn on the heating source. Observe the sample as the temperature increases and record the temperature range in

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for Hanna pH Meter: Pic:Ph Meter Rinse the electrode with deionized water before using it. Avoid touching the bulb at the end of the electrode with your fingers, as oils from your skin can affect the accuracy of the pH reading. Immerse the electrode into the sample solution, making sure that it is fully submerged and not touching the sides or bottom of the container. Stir the solution gently with the electrode to ensure that the pH reading is consistent throughout the sample. Wait for the pH reading to stabilize on the meter display. This usually takes around 30 seconds. Record the pH reading on the data sheet or computer software. Rinse the electrode with deionized water after each measurement to prevent contamination and prolong the life of the electrode.

Water Quality Parameters of Bangladeshi Standards and WHO Sl.No. Water Quality Parameters Bangladeshi Standards (mg/L) Who Guide Line Methods/Equipments 1 Aluminium 0.2 - Atomic Absoption Spectrosphotometer (AAS) 2 Ammonia 0.5 UV-VIS 3 Arsenic 0.05 0.01 AAS 4 Barium 0.01 0.7 AAS 5 Benzene 0.01 0.01 Gas Chromatograph 6 BOD 5 Days,20°C 0.2 - 5 days Incubation 7 Boron 1.0 - UV-VIS 8 Cadmium 0.005 0.003 AAS 9 Calcium 75 AAS 10 Chloride 150-600 - Titrimetric 11 Chlorinated Alkenes 11.1 Carbontetrachloride

Determination of acid value: Deffinition: The acid value is defined as the number of milligrams of Potassium hydroxide required to neutralize the free fatty acids present in one gram of fat. It is relative measure of rancidity as free fatty acids are normally formed during decomposition of triglycerides. The value is also expressed as percent of free fatty acids calculated as oleic, lauric, ricinolic and palmitic acids. Table of Content Principle Analytical Importance Procedure Significance of Acid Vaulue Principle: The acid value is determined by directly titration the oil or fat in an alcoholic medium against potassium hydroxide solution. Analytical importance: The value is measure of the amount of fatty acids, which have been liberated by hydrolysis from the glycerides due to the action of moisture, temperature and/ or lipolytic enzyme lipase. Procedure: Mix the oil by heating. Take 10

High-performance liquid chromatography In the reverse phase HPLC (High-performance liquid chromatography), the stationary phase is made of non-polar compounds Like C18, C8 type of organic compounds. The mobile phase used is polar, so compounds of high polarity are eluted first while those of low polarity or no polarity are eluted last. The compounds of the mixture travel at different rates due to their relative affinities with the solvent and stationary phase. Compounds with higher affinity towards the stationary phase of the column moves slowly and vice-versa. So each component in the sample interacts slightly differently with the adsorbent materials, causing different flow rates and leading to the separation.

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a type of analytical technique used to determine the concentration of a particular element in a sample. The basic principle of AAS is that atoms absorb light at specific wavelengths, and this absorption is directly proportional to the concentration of the element present in the sample. In AAS, a sample is first atomized, which means that it is converted into a vapor of individual atoms. This can be done using various methods, such as flame atomization or graphite furnace atomization. The atomized sample is then exposed to light of a specific wavelength, which is absorbed by the atoms of the element of interest. The amount of light absorbed is measured and compared to a calibration curve, which relates the amount of absorption to the concentration of the element in the sample. AAS is a highly sensitive technique and can be used to analyze a wide range of elements, including metals and meta

Chemistry Analysis in short Discursion: Chemical analysis is the process of determining the composition and properties of a substance or mixture of substances. There are various techniques and methods for performing chemical analysis, depending on the type of sample and the information required. Some common techniques used in chemical analysis include: Pic:Chemistry analysis done by a laboratory staff, Photo Credit: freepik Spectroscopy: This involves measuring the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter to determine the composition and properties of a substance. Examples of spectroscopic techniques include UV-Vis spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Chromatography: This is a technique used to separate and identify the components of a mixture based on their physical and chemical properties. Examples of chromatographic techniques include gas chromatograp

ALCOA+ principle at a brief: ALCOA+ Principle define best practice guidelines and methodologies for good data management, for example, within the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. The acronym 'ALCOA' defines that data should be Attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original, and, accurate. In addition, ALCOA+ guideline recommends that data is also complete, consistent, enduring and Available. Collected handnotes of pharma student.